Tiananmen Square Incident(1989) - compare to 1984.

The monstrous event that happened on June 4th, 1989 will be forever remembered as one of the most tragic days in human history. However, many decades ago, this event was foreseen and was foretold in the book, 1984, by George Orwell. Orwell saw the rise of totalitarianism, and he was deeply disturbed by what he saw. He believes totalitarianism will be the method that communist party adopts to fight freedom. The book foreshadows many of the events that will happen in a communist society. In many ways, the incident of Tiananmen Square in 1989 echoes 1984, which is a warning that totalitarian government is a power abuser, propaganda manipulator, and democracy suppressor. Power AbusivenessThe party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We†¦show more content†¦(Liu 16) Their truth campaign insists that only 300 people, many of whom were troops and police, were killed instead of students. However, the USA estimates somewhere between 700-2600. Chinese controlled television was selecting many edited video of angry protesters holding torches, weapons and guns beating on hapless soldiers, to describe to public that soldiers were the victims. These aired shows along with massive fear campaign and life-sized posters all make the government and the soldiers seemed like the victim of revolutionary thugsAs Oceania does, Chinese authority used propaganda to isolate all truth in the report by eliminating foreigners and their journalist. In Oceania, the majority of the people never saw much of the outsiders. The only outsiders they see are the prisoner of wars or those that was hanged publicly. Chinese government saw foreign correspondents as a treat by e xposing the truth. Foreign correspondents cameras were smashed and seized. They received threats from Chinese authority that the army was been given the right to shoot on sight anyone carrying a camera. (Liu 16) They were detained on Tiananmen Square for 20 hours, and their telephone lines were cut off. The government took over China Central Television, CCTV, Chinas largest national TV network, during the times of protest. No CCTV camera crew or stuff was allowed to cover the stories andShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages509 International Caveats 511 Team Membership 512 Advantageous Roles 512 Providing Feedback 516 International Caveats 517 SKILL ANALYSIS 519 Cases Involving Building Effective Teams 519 The Tallahassee Democrat’s ELITE Team 519 The Cash Register Incident 521 SKILL PRACTICE 523 Exercises in Building Effective Teams 523 Team Diagnosis and Team Development Exercise 523 Winning the War on Talent 524 Team Performance Exerci se 527 SKILL APPLICATION 529 Activities for Building Effective Teams 529 SuggestedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestransformations in where humans lived, how they earned their livings, and their unprecedented ability to move about the globe. Moya and McKeown set the patterns of migration in the twentieth century against those extending back millennia, and they compare in imaginative ways the similarities and differences among diverse flows in different geographical areas and across ethnic communities and social strata. They consider not only the nature, volume, and direction of migrant movements motivated primarilyRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesgrowth in PCs and new markets, few analysts doubt that Dell can generate the 15 percent annual growth needed to reach the mark. Questions 1. What are the main principles behind Michael Dell’s approach to managing? 2. List these principles then compare them to those developed by Henry Fayol. In what ways are they similar or different? Source: Andrew Park and Peter Burrows, â€Å"What You Don’t Know About Dell.† Reprinted from the November 3, 2003, issue of BusinessWeek Online by special permissionRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesbringing current membership to 27 countries. Not only have most trade barriers between the members been removed, but a subset of European countries have adopted a unified currency called the euro. As a result, it is now possible for customers to compare prices between most countries and for business firms to lower their costs by conducting business in one, uniform currency. With access to the entire pan-European market, large MNCs can now achieve the operational scale and scope necessary to reduce

Literature Review on Internal Audit - 1789 Words

Survey finds internal audit risk assessments inconsistent Year: August, 2007 The report suggests that internal auditing needs to identify areas of high and moderate risk that are part of the internal audit plan but have been deferred or cancelled because of the organizations focus on Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404. It recommends that chief audit executives (CAEs) revisit the budgets, skills, and capabilities needed to achieve a comprehensive, balanced, and risk-based approach to auditing, as well as develop a process to advise the audit committee and senior management about emerging risks. In other findings, internal audit leaders say their greatest challenge is finding enough qualified talent to address the growing and increasingly†¦show more content†¦The 2007 study also found that internal audit groups reporting to the CFO organization devote more time to Sarbanes-Oxley compliance than groups that report directly to the audit committee or the CEO. According to the study, only 31 percent of internal audit functions reporting directly to the audit committee or the CEO devote more than 50 percent of their time to Sarbanes-Oxley compliance. By contrast, 46 percent of those who report directly to the CFO indicated that they dedicated more than 50 percent of their time to the Act during 2006. The study found that when internal audit reports to a level below the CFO in the finance organization, such as to the controller or treasurer, the time commitment to Sarbanes-Oxley compliance increases dramatically, with 69 percent of these internal audit functions reporting spending more than 50 percent of their time addressing compliance with the Act. Given the disparity of time dedicated to compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley depending on reporting relationships, these survey results naturally beg the question as to who is actually directing the focus and deployment of corporate audit resources, added Anderson. Reference: http://www.accountingnet.com/x57724.xml Study: Impact of Economy on Internal Audit Profession *By: (SmartPros*) Year: June 15, 2009 The results of a new IIA survey have revealed perspectives on the cause and effects of the financial meltdown, as well as the views of internal auditorsShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Internal Controls On Corporate Governance Associated With The Revelations Of Internal Control Material Weaknesses And Their Subsequent Remediation812 Words   |  4 PagesChanges in Corporate Governance Associated with the Revelation of Internal Control Material Weaknesses and Their Subsequent Remediation. The abstract discusses the problems associated with the lack of internal controls within a company. Additionally, the abstract discusses how fraud and material weaknesses can occur without the implementation of the proper internal controls. Johnstone, Li, and Rupley (2011) disclose that internal controls have long been viewed as an important policy to have inRead MoreHow Does Cloud Computing Affect Company s Business Activities?868 Words   |  4 Pagescomplete the questionnaire. In addition, the study was conducted within the Republic of Croatia, during a deep recession. The referenced journal article applies to the research topic because it is important to know how Cloud Computing affects company’s internal controls. In addition, it is important to understand what Cloud Computing is and the benefits it offers businesses. This study will help provide valuable information to the reader when researching Cloud Computing. Davidovic, V., Ilijevic, D.,Read MoreEffects Of Internal Audit Practices On Financial Performance Of Commercial Banks1689 Words   |  7 Pages EFFECTS OF INTERNAL AUDIT PRACTICES ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA (A CASE STUDY OF KENYA COMMERCIAL BANK) GIDALI MUHINDI FRANKLINE A Research Proposal in Partial Fulfillment for the Bachelor of Business Administration of the Technical University of Mombasa 2016 DECLARATION I declare that this research proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree award in any other university. Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreInternal Auditor s Role For Combat Fraud809 Words   |  4 PagesInternal Auditor’s Role to Combat Fraud Background Internal auditor, should be the eyes and ears of the company to combat fraud. As fraud becomes a growing problem to every company nowadays no matter what size the organization is, the risk of fraud is like a storm that could wipe the company out dry at any given time. Most companies have strategically strengthen its internal control and corporate governance to effectively mitigate fraud as it is becoming a necessity to protect the company from theRead MoreAudit Activity, Audit, And Agency Theory1249 Words   |  5 Pagespapers about audit activity, audit price and agency theory. This short paper will provide a brief review focus on whether agency theory provides a general framework for audit pricing majorly refer to the study by Nikkinen and Sahlstron (2004). Furthermore, this is short paper also try to make further discussion from personal perspective. Literature review The purpose of Nikkinen and Sahlstron (2004) study is to ‘investigate whether agency theory provides a general framework for audit pricing.’ ThroughRead MoreEthical Financial Reporting And Disclosure Quality893 Words   |  4 Pagesto emphasize the positive influence of independent audit committee on the ethical financial reporting, corporate disclosure, and company ethical environment overall (p. 183). Introduction. The author studies the relationships between the director overlap and financial reporting quality, and for that purpose, analyzes the compensation measurement system and how it tights to performance (p. 183). The researcher also focuses on the impact of audit committee on the reporting and disclosure. The mainRead MoreEssay on case 12-071370 Words   |  6 Pagesand defensed costs relating to currently pending claims and future claims for losses incurred to date. 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Legal Implications of Social Media and the Hiring Process Free Essays

MBA 610 Final Paper Legal Implications of Social Media and the Hiring Process Tammy Rider October 17, 2012 Social media has become one of the most important tools in business practices. Companies can advertise their services and products for nothing or next to nothing, network with other businesses, generate new business, connect with their customers, and provide a valuable research tool. It has changed the face of business as we know it. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Implications of Social Media and the Hiring Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now With this wonderful innovation comes responsibility. Employers and employees alike must face new rules and laws associated with their social media practices. One such practice that has become important in the business world is the use of social media during the hiring process. Some companies even go so far as to request job applicants for their username and passwords for such sites such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter. Where do the rights of employers and the rights of employees fit into this new high tech world? The legal system faces new challenges every day regarding this relatively young business quandary. Where should the lines of privacy be drawn? How much social media information should an employer be permitted to use during the screening process for hiring a new employee? It has just recently come to the media’s attention that some employers ask their job applicants for their Facebook login information and password. However, the reality is that employers have been using social media to investigate these applicants for years. In 2011, Reppler, a social media monitoring service, conducted a survey of 300 hiring professionals to learn if, when, and how they are using social media to screen job applicants. The study found that 91% of recruiters or hiring managers use social networking sites to screen prospective employees. Out of these recruiters and hiring managers, 69% revealed that they have denied employment to a job applicant due to something they found on an applicant’s social networking site (1). Employers, however, should take caution when using the information they find to make a decision whether to hire an applicant or throw their application in the trash. It would seem that technology is outpacing the law in this area; however, employers should very seriously review the information they find and be sure that it does not lead to a liability under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, or some other state or federal employment discrimination laws. The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) states that an employer must provide a disclosure that a consumer report or background check will be performed to their job applicants, and should obtain signed authorization by the applicant to proceed with this research. It is also the duty of the company to provide notice to the job applicant that they will take adverse action to not hire them before the company actually takes that action, and provide a post-adverse action notice (2). It is interesting to note that these FCRA requirements do not apply to employers who perform their own background checks without using a consumer-reporting agency to obtain the information. Human resources hiring managers that perform a social media search on a job applicant are not bound to these FCRA regulations to provide disclosure and gain consent from the applicant. This is where it gets tricky! Although a hiring manager may not have to adhere to the FCRA regulations, they may still be confronted with other state and federal laws regarding employment discrimination and privacy. In the past, employers have been very careful to not invade employee privacy, base any employment decisions on protected characteristics, or ask unlawful questions during the interview process. In the past few years though, employers have been using social media to screen applicants on a regular basis, whether formally or informally. By performing these pre-employment research screenings on job applicants using social media profiles, employers are setting themselves up to discrimination claims under federal, state, and local laws. Since this area is still fuzzy and grey as far as the law is concerned, employers need to stay informed and educated to protect themselves from potential lawsuits. Consulting with an attorney who specializes in this field would be a wise decision. As the laws evolve, so must the employer’s behaviors. By reviewing social networking profiles and information, employers are learning about job applicants’ religious beliefs, marital status, family relationships, race, ethnicity, medical conditions, and other information that cannot be used to make an employment-based decision. This is information that is considered as protected characteristics even though an applicant or employee has made it public on a social media profile. As a result, employers must take care when performing such research. Ultimately, should a discrimination claim arise, the employer will have the burden of proof to demonstrate that the decision to reject a job applicant was based on a legitimate non-discriminatory reason, rather than the fact that the employer learned of the job applicant’s sexual orientation, the projected due date of the job applicant’s baby, or any other protected characteristic. So the question that persists is how can we make use of social media without disrupting any discrimination laws? Some of the job-related information found in a profile may be highly valuable in determining an applicant’s qualifications for the job. One practical method is to only allow someone who is not involved in the hiring of the specific position to be the person who conducts the social media background check. Then, when the social media background check is completed, that person can summarize the job-related information that may be helpful in considering the applicant, and can make no mention of the â€Å"protected† information (race, religion, medical condition, etc. that would otherwise get the employer into trouble. This way, the hiring manager, or ultimate decision-maker, receives only the job-related information, and can demonstrate that the information unknown to him or her had nothing to do with the decision to hire another candidate. Furthermore, before the job opening is even posted, employers should be clear about what they are really looking for in a social media background check, and whether it is necessary for the particular position. For example, the importance and extent of a social media background may depend on the position the company needs to fill (for example, a CFO position versus a seasonal stockroom employee). Certainly, employers should be doing enough pre-hiring due diligence to avoid potential claims of negligent hiring, but they must balance those concerns with finding out information that exposes them to liability for discrimination. There exists yet another level of privacy invasion that some businesses have been practicing. Asking for a job applicant’s login and password information goes beyond simply surfing the web for research purposes. Some hiring managers get around this request by having the job candidate log into their Facebook account, for instance, during an in-person interview. These potential candidates are put into a compromising position. Should they refuse this request or just do it to keep them in the running for the job? Do these employer requests violate the federal Stored Communications Act or the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act? The laws surrounding the Stored Communications Act prohibit intentional access to electronic information without authorization or intentionally exceeding that authorization, 18 U. S. C.  § 2701. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act prohibits intentional access to a computer to obtain information without authorization, 18 U. S. C.  § 1030(a) (2) (C). Are these laws being violated when companies request login information from job applicants? It would certainly be a violation if the company broke into an account to access the information without authorization. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission will have to determine whether employers who request this login information are violating anti-discrimination statutes. State legislators are beginning to introduce legislation that aims to prohibit this practice. In April 2012, Maryland was first to introduce a bill to ban employers from demanding Facebook or other social networking login information and passwords. Other states have followed or are currently following suit with bills of their own. For instance, California introduced the â€Å"Social Media Privacy Act† to legislature which would protect the social media privacy rights of students and employees (3). The law is attempting to catch up with technology, beginning with the states and expanding federally in the future. It is in this writer’s opinion that employers should consider the non-legal ramifications of this social media dilemma in addition to the legal implications. By demanding this private information they are setting themselves up to lose some of their best employees or potential employees simply because they believe in their rights to privacy and refuse to give access to their social media credentials. Employers should weigh what is most important to them and evaluate what they stand to lose. Employee morale may suffer and an environment of distrust may take precedence. These conditions are not conducive to a healthy workplace resulting in poor performance and poor productivity. Is this really worth the tiny bit of extra information that may be revealed by invading a person’s social media profile? Businesses must stay on top of developing legislation to protect themselves. Job seekers should also remain educated on their rights. It is sad to think that a person may find themselves wanted a job so badly they would be willing to hand over any information that is requested of them. We will probably see the emergence of a new department in most companies. This department will be responsible for technology privacy education and enforcement which could save the business millions of dollars in lawsuits. The future of technology isn’t slowing down one bit. The law may never catch up, but it will keep pushing forward to protect the rights of employers and employees. Social media is just that: social. What a person does outside of the workplace is, in most cases, of no concern to the business. As they say, don’t mix business with your personal life and vice versa. If we allow that to happen, where will the line be drawn? The line must be drawn now. Works Cited (1) Swallow, Erica, â€Å"How Recruiters Use Social Networks to Screen Candidates†, October 23, 2011, http://mashable. com/2011/10/23/how-recruiters-use-social-networks-to-screen-candidates-infographic. (2) http://www. ftc. gov/os/statutes/031224fcra. pdf (3) http://epic. org/privacy/workplace/ How to cite Legal Implications of Social Media and the Hiring Process, Essays

Management Information Technology Project -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Information Technology Project? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to critically analyze communication in business. Business communication is important in delivering quality products and services in any business setup. Therefore, this paper aims at determining what need to be identified in business communication within a company so as to deliver quality products and services. Business communication need to be effective and efficient so as to propel progress within business setup. This information is based on principles of effective communication. These principles will be analyzed from three perspectives That is, communication examples, communication research and communication methodologies (Ballantyne, 2007). A business message need to be effective and efficient so as to encode and decode the most appropriate feedbacks required in a particular communication channel. The type of business message depend highly on sources of business communication. In this report, we consider two sources of business communication so as to demonstrate appropriate way of delivering business message. We also consider inappropriate or poor ways of delivering business message. Report overview There are two sources of business communication that will be considered in this report. These sources are applied to determine whether the business message under consideration was well presented or poorly presented. Properly presented business message affect business positively while poorly presented business message affect the business negatively. In this case, we can select a certain business that require business communication in order to effectively undertake duties and responsibilities. Let us consider a business that import and export industrial products at global level. This kind of business require appropriate business communication strategies so as to enhance effective business messaging. For instance, if the business deals with importation and exportation of highly delicate and perishable products, then a distinct business communication platform must be applied. It is important to understand business communication and sources of business communication. Typically, business communication is defined as the network or connection of data and information that incorporate both insiders and outsiders in order to solve and mitigate challenges of business organization (Ballantyne, 2007). There are certain rules and norms that regulate business communication. Initially, business communication was limited to paperwork and telephone calls. However, through advancement in technology, there are various innovations such as satellite communication, video conferencing, emails and cell phones used to support business communication. Business communication is an interpersonal goal oriented process that can be defined typically as problem-solving activity. In this report, the two main sources of business communication to be considered are internal information and external information. Internal information is a source of business communication created by the opera tion of an organization. This information include purchases, sales, orders and business transactions in inventory system. Again, accounting records are the prime source of internal information (Ballantyne, 2007). On the other hand, external information as a source of business communication is obtained from outside the business operations. These sources include print information, online information and television along with radio media information. For this report, we consider accounting records as a source of business communication from internal information and email as a source of business communication from external information. Discussion and analysis of findings Business communication that can be applied in this particular scenario include internal information and external information. In this case, there are areas where communication applied lead to appropriate progress while other communication lead to inappropriate progress. In simple terms, we can assert a good communication process and a poor communication process. If we consider accounting records as part of internal information, we realize that proper recording of accounting records provide accuracy in data. This is a good communication process. This communication message is of great importance since stakeholders in the organization can assess credibility of information under consideration. Thus, business communication process selected for business operation is excellent so as to keep track of what take place in the scope of business operations within and outside the company (Baily, Farmer Crocker, 2015). On the other hand, there is a business communication source from external infor mation that can be considered as poor in this report. Email is part of business communication from external information. Due to technological advancement, emails are used as a source of business communication so as to communicate a message to clients. As far as this report is concerned, this is a poor business communication process due to some factors. First, emailing depend on network connectivity. Without sustainable network, individuals in a business will not be in a position to decode and encode messages. Again, emails may result to delays in business communication. As mentioned earlier, emailing was initiated via technological innovation, thus, cases of cybercrimes are highly rampant where business information is diverted by criminals (Schwalbe, 2015). This brings huge losses to companies undertaking business activities. Spam messages are also associated to emailing as a source of business communication. Communication research The main forms of communication applied in this report are drawn from internal information and external information. From internal information, the type of communication applied was accounting records. These records communicate to all stakeholders on matters concerning sales, purchases, orders and inventories of data in the business. This type of communication assist stakeholders to assess credibility of data revolving a business. The company can forecast future trends of a business. It is classified as one of effective type of communication applied in a business (Kotler, 2011). The other type of communication applied in this report was email. This type of communication is drawn from external information as a source of business communication. This communication requires creation of accounts by both the sender and receiver of a massage. This communication process require use of network connectivity so as to decode and encode messages sent via email. Email addresses are created by indi viduals who will later communicate. Business operations are currently run via passing messages via email. However, this process is affected by several factors such as lack of reliable network connectivity and hacking by cyber criminals. In this report, we consider email as a poor communication process as compared to accounting records that tend to be efficient. Communication methodologies It is very important to identify and determine the nature of information and communication being delivered. For the case of accounting records obtained from internal information source of business communication, the company make a lot of positive changes based on this information. There are several details that can be drawn from accounting records. These include sales made in a given point in time as well as forecast of sales anticipated to be sold in the future (Hubbard, 2016). This assist the business in planning future progress. Again, purchases made are also indicated in accounting records. Orders made are also part of accounting information. Lists of inventories concerning business activities are also indicated in this communication process. It is therefore clear that this communication process is effective and reliable. Using this communication process results to a wider range of benefits. On the other hand, email as a communication process deliver variety of messages based on the motive of the sender and receiver. These messages can be business oriented or otherwise. The only undesirable limitation of this process is lack of data accuracy and credibility. Data is prone to manipulation by third party without authorization (Franco, 2015). Communication performed better in accounting records because the information required is recorded accurately. Communication did not work in email due to lack of network connectivity and cyber-attacks by criminals who manipulated messages. Diversion of communication messages compromised business communication process. Report analysis Accounting records facilitated business operations by providing details on sales, purchases, orders and data on inventory. Factors that facilitated effectiveness of this process included simplicity of data, completeness of data, clarity of communication messages, correctness of information as well as attractiveness (Dow Taylor, 2015). On the other hand, email did not deliver quality services in business communication due to factors such as lack of adequate network connectivity, manipulation of data through unauthorized access as well as diversion of messages which compromised the position of the company. References Baily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B. (2015). Procurement, Principle Management. Pearson publishers. Ballantyne, T. (2007). Capacity. Spectra. Dow, W., Taylor, B. (2015). Project Management Communication Tool. William Dow. Franco, S.A. (2015). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. McGraw-Hill Education. Hubbard, G.R. (2016). Microeconomics. Pearson. Jonasson, H. (2012). Determining Project Requirement. Averbach publication. Kotler, P. (2011). Framework for Marketing Management. Pearson. Schwalbe, k. (2015). Information Technology Project Management. Course Technology.

Argument for the Use of Consensual Relationship Agreements (Cras) Essays

Argument for the Use of Consensual Relationship Agreements (Cras) Essays Argument for the Use of Consensual Relationship Agreements (Cras) Essay Argument for the Use of Consensual Relationship Agreements (Cras) Essay Argument for the usage of consensual relationship understandings ( CRAs ) in my current ( or hereafter ) workplace Consensual Relationship Agreement ( CRA ) is a contract that both employees involved a romantic relationship mark to admit that their relationship is voluntary and that they will stay by the policies of the company sing anti-harassment and anti-discrimination. ( Hellriegel A ; Slocum. 2011 ) . Office love affair should be addressed in a more constructive and professional manner merely like behaviours such as attending. frock codifications. and non-disclosure understandings. If one can reason that it is absolutely acceptable for employees with personal challenges ( such as decease in the household. childbearing. ill household member ) to have aid and. support in the signifier of personal time-off from work so it must be sensible for other employees who become romantically involved to acquire some type of support from their employers. The hazards of office love affair can better be mitigated if the hazard factors are known and managed. So. for illustration. cases from employees who claim they were coerced into an office love affair and disadvantaged by it would be avoided because employees signed the CRAs of their ain will. Allegations from other employees of existent or imagined favouritism from a supervisor to a subsidiary with whom he or she is romantically involved would be averted because HR would hold already taken stairss to guarantee this does non go on. By making a mechanism which provides specific and elaborate guidelines for professional workplace behaviour. HR professionals are able to educate and admonish employees about appropriate or inappropriate workplace etiquettes. Privacy issues or deficiency thereof. as related to dating in the workplace would besides be suitably addressed with the employees involved so they can non claim that were below the belt treated. Another obliging ground why 1 should reason for CRAs in their workplaces is that in visible radiation of the legal branchings of the rights of employees in the workplace. CRAs become an expedient and prudent manner to protect the involvement of an organisation and at the same time supply safe and meaningful ways for employees to freely research and show their sentiments for others who might experience the same manner. Organizations spend a batch of clip and resources on strategic planning and prediction. The intent of such planning is to place the organisation to carry through two major ends: remain abreast with. or in front of. the competitory market place and alteration current procedures and attacks that are non giving desired. or expected consequences. These are proactive stairss to guarantee advancement and success. CRAs facilitate and heighten such strategic programs by remaining in front of a altering workplace in the modern age and guaranting that valuable human resources will non be lost and thereby endanger more of import organisational ends and aims. CRAs provide a model for responsible behaviour by employees. peculiarly. supervisors. It fosters a win-win work environment for employees who happen to be romantically involved with each other and for employers to supply counsel and way for appropriate workplace behavioural outlooks. By conveying the relationship into the unfastened the employees involved would non experience force per unit area to travel to great lengths to conceal their relationship and could concentrate on being productive. Conversely. these employees would go pre-occupied with happening ways to conceal their relationships if the company did non promote workplace love affair. Make a counter statement against the usage of CRAs in your current ( or hereafter ) workplace. Office love affair must be forbidden in the workplace because it merely raises excessively many evitable issues in the workplace. By its really nature. office love affair predisposes employees involved to compromise their rational nonsubjective behaviours because their non-objective emotional senses tend to rule their ideas and actions. Romantic relationships are the consequence of self-generated human behaviour ; they are non preconceived and hence can non be regulated or contained by contracts. Making CRAs a status for employment is besides non a good thought because. over clip. the limitations become intolerable and the parties involved find out that they are better off in different organisations where their actions and whereabouts will no longer be scrutinized by an assigned HR individual. CRAs are tantamount to indirect employment understanding in that they indirectly impose limitations on the persons involved in the relationship and seek to protect the involvement of the organisation at the disbursal of the people who happen to be emotionally attracted to each other and take to show those sentiments in an unfastened and liberating manner. CRAs merely go uneffective tools because the employees who even agree to subscribe them frequently find ways to in secret prosecute in behaviours that result in oversights in judgement because they are emotionally charged. In many respects. CRAs are intrusive and inherently designed to deter workplace love affair. By their very nature they put limitations on a human behaviour that is designed to be self-generated and natural. Organizations are non equipped to manage issues of the bosom and neither should they get down now. Organizations need to concentrate on what they do best. increasing stockholder value and carry throughing other strategic ends and aims. Discuss the ethical rules involved in the usage of CRAs. There are many positions and strong beliefs about what is. or is non ethical. However. there are no universally accepted rules and regulations for deciding all ethical issues ( Hellriegel A ; Slocum. 2011 ) . In a state with such great freedom of look. one can merely conceive of the diverseness of sentiments and places sing the factors that drive people’s determinations and explicate their moralss. The scope of such factors is every bit broad as the differences in people and this is reflected in the diverseness of ethical rules. However. for the intents of this paper merely a smattering of relevant moralss based rules – Utilitarian. Professional Standards. Disclosure and Distributive rules will be considered: Utilitarian rule focal points on the magnitude. extent and impact of injury versus good of determinations that are made. The concluding determination is predicated on the weight of good versus bad – the greatest good for the greatest figure ( Hellriegel A ; Slocum. 2011 ) . On the footing of this rule. CRAs are believed to bring forth more good than injury for those who choose to prosecute in office love affair. Disclosure Principle – This rule focuses on how most people in society will respond to the inside informations of a determination when it becomes public cognition. Most organisations take societal duty really earnestly and will make their really best to earn positive public image. Consequently CRAs are viewed favourably by such organisations. Distributive Principle – This rule is predicated on equity. The push of CRAs is a win-win agreement for both the organisation and the person because most organisations by and large perceive CRAs to be just. Create at least one ( 1 ) other option besides CRAs that would turn to workplace love affairs. The lone other option for workplace love affairs that may be plausible is for the organisation to develop a set of policies based on the organisation involvement rule which focuses on the footing of what is good for the organisation ( Hellriegel A ; Slocum. 2011 ) . With this option. employees are expected to unwrap any possible or existent struggle involvement to the human resource professional within the organisation. Conflict of involvement covers a wide scope of behaviours ; nevertheless. this paper will concentrate on personal struggle of involvement which stresses zero tolerance for favoritism and sexual torment. This alternate attack to workplace love affairs would requires that an employee may non oversee person with whom they have a close personal relationship such as anyone in their household. family or person with whom they have or had a romantic relationship or other close personal relationship. Additionally. if one were to oversee person even indirectly with whom they had one of the relationships described above. one must unwrap the relationship quickly. Any Acts of the Apostless of favoritism. sexual torment or other torment based on race. colour. faith. age. gender. sexual orientation would be addressed under a zero tolerance policy.

Practice Revising Affirmatives Into Negative Statements

Practice Revising Affirmatives Into Negative Statements This exercise will give you practice in turning positive statements (also called affirmatives) into negative statements. Practice Instructions The most common way of turning a positive statement into a negative statement in English is to add the word not (or the contracted form -nt). In a declarative sentence, the word not is usually placed after a helping verb (such as a form of do, have, or be). Similarly, in less formal writing, the contraction -nt may be added to the helping verb. For each sentence in the next section, write the negative version of the verb or verb phrase in italics. In some cases, you will need to add a helping verb. When you have completed the exercise, compare your answers with those in the final section. Practice Problems The teacher was paying attention to the other children in the room.The band was playing perfectly in tune.The police concluded that the security system had been working properly.The research study concluded that longer school days lead to greater student achievement.Travis has been a taxi driver for a very long time.My friend wants to move to Alaska with her family.I waited for Charlie to finish complaining about his stupid cell phone.Sara is the first person in our family to go to college.When I go to bed tonight, I will think about pink elephants.We have been seeing a great deal of each other lately.I heard my grandfather singing in the shower.We are going to spend our vacation at the lake this year.Caleb tried very hard to win the race.Last night I went to the movie theater with Takumi. Practice Solutions Here you will find answers (in bold) to the exercise. Note that contracted forms (such as  wasnt  or  didnt) may also be written out in full (was not  or  did not). The teacher  was not paying  attention to the other children in the room.The band  wasnt playing  perfectly in tune.The police concluded that the security system  had not been working  properly.The research study  did not conclude  that longer school days lead to greater student achievement.Travis  has not been  a taxi driver for a very long time.My friend  does not want  to move to Alaska with her family.I  didnt wait  for Charlie to finish complaining about his stupid cell phone.Sara  is not  the first person in our family to go to college.When I go to bed tonight, I  wont think  about pink elephants.We  have not been seeing  a great deal of each other lately.I  did not hear  my grandfather singing in the shower.We  are not going to spend  our vacation at the lake this year.Caleb  didnt try  very hard to win the race.Last night I  did not go  to the movie theater with Takumi.

Financial Mangement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Mangement - Essay Example electronic stock market. "With approximately 3,300 companies, the NASDAQ lists more companies and, on average, trades more shares per day than any other U.S. market" (NASDAQ, 2006, n/p). Therefore, the AMEX is a tangible physical entity, it occupies its own building and has physically designated space for trading - trading floor; has specifically designated members and an elected governing body. On the contrary, the NASDAQ, which means National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System, is a nebulous, intangible organization built up around the computerized system. The American Stock Exchange, according to its own definition, is "an auction market where prices for a diverse array of products - stocks, options, exchange traded funds (ETFs) and structured products - are determined by public bids to buy and offers to sell". The major characteristics of the trading process at the AMEX include: centralization of the order flow on the trading floor, priority given to the public orders, and execution of the orders by price and time sequence regardless of size or source. (AMEX, 2006, n/p). Like the AMEX, the NASDAQ operates as an auction market, but it has its own peculiarities: no physical trading floor is available and the orders flow goes solely through the automated quotation system. Additionally, unlike the AMEX specialists the NASDAQ dealers often maintain an inventory of the stocks that are traded less frequently. The AMEX system includes specialists, registered traders and floor dealers: "Trading in every Amex security is overseen by a specialist stationed on the trading floor . . . Specialists serve as facilitators, employing their extensive knowledge of the market in a security to bring together buyers and sellers, and helping them trade directly with each other. This skill is particularly important when large blocks of securities are brought to the floor" (AMEX, 2006, n/p). On the contrary, at the NASDAQ over-the-counter market trading in a particular security is not concentrated in the hands of the one particular specialist, and there is no monopoly, as the result. Any of the dealers interested in trading in this security can handle the orders on it. Trading at the AMEX can be performed in two ways: the orders can be processed either automatically, or manually. The automatic processing uses various systems as follows: "Member firms may route orders directly to the Exchange's trading floor through the Common Message Switch (CMS). After performing specific validation checks, CMS routes the orders to the Amex Order File (AOF), which retains order details and directs orders to the New Equity Trading System (NETS), Amex Options Display Book (AODB), Automatic Execution (Auto-Ex), or the firm's floor broker through the Booth Automated Routing System (BARS)" (AMEX, 2006, n/p). The orders may also be submitted manually by phone call to the broker or with help of a member firm's proprietary application: "In both cases, immediately upon receipt, the floor broker will "systematize" the order by entering it into the Amex Order File using the order entry feature of the Booth Automated Routing System (BARS) terminal. Once "systematized" these orders may be printed and

How we can apply sample accounting to daily life Essay

How we can apply sample accounting to daily life - Essay Example A person uses accounting techniques to make decisions on which investment is worthwhile. Similarly, the person will be able to make decisions on which investment should be ditched. For example, some investments could be attractive but need some accounting knowledge to consider the whole situation. Some investments could look lucrative but the related expenses and risks are threatening. However, some ventures seem to have low income as well as low risks. With the use of simple accounting, a person will be prepared to make a decision on the available alternatives (Juan, 2007). Consequentially, when a person does not use simple accounting, it is easy to lose substantial amounts of money in unreliable ventures. Similarly, simple accounting is effective in management of business and personal activities. With simple accounting a person is able to note the income and expenditure of their business or life in general. With such focus, the person is able to manage the expenditure and income on the basis of priority. Simple accounting is vital in making decisions in regards cutting of costs. A person could be in a stalemate over some expenditure that is affecting their business or personal life (Freedman, 2010). To limit such expenses, a person needs to use simple accounting. ... Similarly, simple accounting is vital when making decisions on economies of scale in production. Some activities could be limited to a certain extent if they are not worthwhile. For example, transportation of materials could be done all at once rather than transporting the same consignment in numerous shifts (Juan, 2007). This can be easily done through simple accounting. Being futuristic is a fundamental aspect in ensuring continuity. However, there is no future when a person is not able to forecast any future events with some considerable level of certainty. A person should plan on how to improve their life or business in the long term. This is by focusing on simple accounting and how it can aid in this process (Juan, 2007). For example, in many cases, there is the use of profitability index and its improvement to forecast future profits. With such forecasts, it is easy to plan for the future especially when a person is in need of a loan. This will be easy as the person will have a clue on how the loan can be repaid and the period needed for full repayment. Similarly, a person is able to forecast income that could also be used in slotting various ways of expanding the business, or better still, a person is better prepared for personal development. Making accounting decisions could be a hard task especially in the absence of accounting. Basic management decisions are made through simple accounting (Juan, 2007). Therefore, absence of simple accounting will lead to haphazard decision making. For example, accounting decisions are made after computing personal accounts. Therefore, a person should only make accounting decisions after evaluating some accounting findings. For example, the daily activities could be affected when some accounting decisions are

International financial reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International financial reporting - Essay Example Therefore, it is important that users are able to distinguish the financial statements clearly from other related information published in the annual report as IASs or IFRs only apply to the financial statement. 3.0 Qualitative Characteristics The framework states: â€Å"Qualitative characteristics are the attributes that make the information provided in financial statement useful to users†. The statement of principles identifies five principal qualitative characteristics consist of understandability, relevance, reliability, materiality, and comparability elaborated as below. 3.1 Understandability Understandability refers to the way in which information is presented in the financial statements and the capabilities of the users to utilize the financial information. However, assumption is made whereby users are equip with basic business, economic and accounting knowledge and thus be able to interpret the information accurately. All the relevant information is required to be refl ected in the financial statement disregards of its complexity and the fear that misunderstanding would arise due to the complexity of the issue. Additionally, an organized presentation of financial information would enhance the understandability of the users. 3.2 Relevance Information is said to be relevant if it has the ability to influence the economic decisions of the users and is provided in time to influence those decisions. Relevant information assists users in analyzing the past trends, present situation and predicts the future prospect based on the past analysis. Besides that, it allows the users to enhance their knowledge on the firm by confirming or correcting their past evaluations. The ratios calculated based on the financial statement provides an insight on the financial performance of the firm and areas which are of high interest to the owner such as dividend payout, price earnings ratio and earnings per share. Moreover, it can be used to evaluate and predict its futur e outlook and indicate the firm’s investment attractiveness. 3.3 Materiality The relevance of information is affected by its nature and materiality. Information is considered to be material if its omission or misstatement would significantly affect the economic decisions of the users, taken on the basis of financial statement. Items which are substantial in terms of size and nature such as auditor fees and director fees are essential to be disclosed in the financial statement. However, materiality is not a primary qualitative characteristic itself as it is merely a threshold or cut-off point. 3.4 Reliability Information must also be trusty and possess faithful representation. Information is reliable when it is free from material errors and bias and can be depended upon by users to represent the economic conditions that it purports to represent or could reasonably be expected to represent. Besides that, it contains the characteristics of being verifiable and neutral. Informati on which is relevant but unreliable may be misleading and cause disputes or claim for damages in a legal action. 3.4.1 Faithful Presentation Information must represent faithfully the transactions it purports to represent in order to be reliable. There is a risk that this may not be the case, not due to bias, but due to the inherent difficulties in identifying the transactions or deciding on an appropriate method of measurement or

A Sense Of Urgency In Your Workforce Business Essay

A Sense Of Urgency In Your Workforce Business Essay The term Change Management refers to managing change successfully in any and all spheres of our lives, not just at work. Wherever the change happens, it is not easy to handle. Most often, the change that happens tends to complicate matters rather than simplifying them. Frequently, when we talk about change, it is in the organizational context, though there are personal and social changes that can be just as hard or even more difficult to handle. Like Gandhi said, We should try to be the change we want to see. If we approach any change, whether it is personal, professional or social, with an open mind, then the chances of successfully coping with it increases. Why is Change so Hard? It is hard because, when we go about our daily lives, we perform most of the mundane tasks on autopilot. We hardly use our conscious mind. Imagine switching on the coffee maker in the morning. You hardly open your eyes when you do it; now imagine that you have traded your regular coffee maker for an espresso machine. How hard do you find it to make your first cup of coffee in the morning? Likewise, in our professional lives too, we get used to our routine and become set in our ways; so we tend to use our subconscious minds more than we think, even at work. So, when there is change afoot, our subconscious mind, which is primitive, is wary of getting re-programmed, to learning new ideas and functions, and so feels threatened. This elemental resistance to re-learning new ideas and functions is the reason, we are resistant to change, which makes changing so difficult. Ch: 1 INDIVIDUAL CHANGE To improve is to change; to be perfect is to constantly change. Winston Churchill. Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr, Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa and Barrack Obama were all well aware of the power of the individual and his ability to effect in himself and in his society. They managed to mobilize millions of people to change the way individuals, communities and governments function by just their beliefs and their tenacity. From their achievements, we know just what one person can do when he or she is steadfast in his or her beliefs and principles. These great souls have managed to bring about mind-boggling changes in their societies and their governments, just by being strong. Each of these great men and women started off as ordinary citizens; each underwent some intense upheaval in their lives that changed them completely. This change brought them greatness and untold benefits to the world around them. Every type of change, whether individual, organizational or societal, starts ultimately with the individual. However, most of us, in our eagerness to succeed, end up committing one of two common mistakes that people make when it comes to change: we either implement the changes much too slowly to be effective, like dipping our toes to test the waters. Or we go overboard and jump in headfirst in our enthusiasm and end up drowning. If you try to change too much too soon, there is the likelihood of you getting frustrated and giving up. It is easy to advocate others to change than to try and change oneself. However, too slow a change might also not bring enough results and lead you to getting disheartened, and hence abandoning the changes. Moderation is the key to success. Everything in moderation should be the cardinal rule for success. Change what you can, without causing too much disruption to your system and routine, and you will succeed. Whether the change you are trying to effect is trivial like your diet or exercise routine or is major like overcoming an addiction or changing your outlook, etc., try it in moderation to succeed. For instance, if you are trying to lose weight or quit smoking, unsuccessfully, try to reduce your portions, while increasing your exercise by maybe 10 minutes, instead of going on a crash diet; likewise, cut down on the number of cigarettes or on the nicotine content, or go for a smaller cigarette with less nicotine. All it needs is a little will power to change, and change successfully. Remember to come up with a realistic plan; also find a good outlet for your possible frustrations; try change counseling; and last but not least, try and remind yourself that the mind controls the body. Try to find inspiration from the world around you, and know that nothing lasts forever; everything is transient and change is the only constant in life! ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: The first thing to understand, and understand well, about Organizational Change is that it is an Ongoing Process and not a Single Event. Most organizations know the importance of being able to change with the economy and the market conditions. The economy and the market are not static; they are in a dynamic state, changing constantly. So to flourish, an organization should also be amenable to change. If you bend with the wind, you can survive; if you stand rigid, you will break. This is true for every being in nature and it is equally true for each organization. So organizations bring in experts who help them and their workforce to deal with the changed circumstances. Such experts are usually trained in Change Management, which can help individuals, teams and entire organizations to transition from their current state to a better future state. The many stumbling blocks in the path of positive change might be cultural, social or economic. A trained change management expert can identify such causes and address them to effect positive change. To understand Change and to help organizations to handle it better, one should first understand the factors behind the necessity to change, and how and in what form the Change is to take. There are many types of organizational changes, which are determined by some key factors like the goal of the proposed changes, the scope of the changes, the intensity and the time frame involved. Once these parameters are determined, the style of change, namely the implementation parameters have to be decided upon. The change can be instructional or participatory: which means that the change is dictated by the top management, or everyone brings their ideas and it is collaborative in nature; and whether the proposed change to be effected is structural or process-oriented: which goes to say if the changes are going to be in the organizational structure or in its processes. These sorts of crucial decisions, when arrived at after careful consideration of all the factors, are the decisions that can help your organization to change successfully. There should be no room for any ambivalence when setting the agenda for change. Clarity in thought and communication will help in achieving the desired results from your workforce by motivating them in the right way. According to Percy A. Dastur, author of The Art of Change Management, Organizational Change can be broadly classified into Organization-wide involving the entire organization Subsystem Change involving one small section or department Developmental Change involving improving the structure and processes and Remedial Change involving the fixing of any issues or problems that are an impediment to the healthy functioning of the business. There are some sub-classifications called Transformational Change, Incremental Change, Planned Change and Unplanned Change. These are self-explanatory in the type of change they bring about in the organization. The next key factor for Change to be considered is the change driver. A change driver can be External or Internal. In most cases, external change drivers can become catalysts for internal change. For instance during the recent global meltdown, giants like Microsoft and Caterpillar were drastically affected and were forced to cut costs and lay off employees. However, many other companies, large and small, were able to carry on, largely unaffected. This reflects the on the companies structure and policies. Though Caterpillar is the world leader in mining and earth-moving equipment manufacturing, it had to lay off almost 20,000 employees as its operational costs had to be cut down by 25% for it to weather the downturn in the global economy. This is a classic case of unplanned change brought about by an external factor. At times, technology ushers in change, whether you are willing or not; so it becomes a case of swim or sink. Case in point: Nokia was ruling the mobile market until 2004; then Apple came out with its iPod, that changed the way people listen to music; Sony, the world leader in individual portable music players with its Walkman, had to come up with a Network Walkman, after it realized it had to either join the mobile music brigade or lose out. After the unprecedented success of MP3 players, Sony realized that it had to come out with a similar product, or lose a chunk of the market, which might otherwise have stayed loyal to Sony. So in the case of technology-led consumer focused industries like music players and mobile phones, in which Sony and Nokia were the undisputed pioneers, external changes forced them into strategic change. This is an external driver leading to innovation and product enhancement. To truly understand the impact of one revolutionary product on an entire industry, you have to remember that in the case of technologically advanced industries, Apple is an industry outsider in three of the above four categories. Yet it had the entire music and mobile phone industry turn on its head with one single product. With the technological development in many areas growing by leaps and bounds, many organizations are kept on their toes, trying to keep with the latest developments. For instance, digital photography and the advent of the digital camera, gave stiff competition to the film photography industry, both the camera manufacturers and film suppliers, with new entrants like Casio, HP and IBM dominating the market. When the camera phone were introduced I market, the digital cameras are also struggling to find space in the consumers conscience. This is a classic example of technology being an external driver for change. Ch: 2 THE CHANGE PROCESS Generally, an organizational change is a complex maneuver, involving 4 core actions: appreciating the change, mobilizing support for the same, executing it and building change capability. It is the responsibility of the leadership to ensure that these actions are carried out, for successful change. Appreciating change involves appreciating the fact that change is difficult; it is so because it involves changing our mental models. When you talk about an organization as a single entity, you might forget the fact that it is made up of thousands of individuals scattered across the country or around the globe. So the idea of the organization is abstract and emotional than physical. This mental picture of the organization has to be changed, when you talk about changing the organization and that it is not an easy task. The proposed changes might be in any of the following areas of the organization, like marketing, manufacturing, processes, quality control, technology or productivity. Mobilizing support involves motivating your workforce to adapt the changes willingly and wholeheartedly; first the mental models of your managers have to be changed towards accepting the newly introduced changes. Only then they, in turn, can convince their teams to adopt the changes. You can opt for either imposing the changes and expect the support of your workforce, or you can expose them to the benefits of the proposed changes by addressing them and communicating the perceived benefits of the changes to the welfare of the entire organization. This will also help the workforce to develop a positive attitude towards the coming changes, which might ultimately lead to a successful change or an unsuccessful one. Depending on the size and structure of your organization, identify Change Strategists, who can strategize on what to change and its benefits; then appoint Change Implementers who are responsible for implementing the proposed changes; then identify and train the Change Recipients: they are the ones who are directly affected by the coming changes. So their co-operation will determine whether your change succeeds or fails. Executing change is the most critical component of organizational change and is not easy; this phase involves creating the actual new processes or procedures and implementing them; then troubleshooting as and when necessary. It is the most difficult part of the change process; many key people might not like the changes and decide to leave the organization; with a well thought out plan, and clearly outlined ideas for the type of change and scope of change, you can go to some extent to lessen the confusion and maintain some semblance of normality. Quite often, the outcome of the organizational change is decided in this phase; because if this implementing of the change does not happen as proposed, then it is almost a sure thing that it is about to fail. Building change capability is the long term plan for sustained changes so that the organization stays ahead of the competition in a fluid market. Just because you were able to change once successfully does not mean that from now onwards, it is going to be smooth sailing. Change has to be constant and you have to keep adapting and improving according to the fluctuating market conditions in order to stay ahead of the game. Again to help this happen, you have to identify innovative thinkers and strategists and equip them with the authority to effect similar changes and when they deem necessary, in order to sustain the advantages of the organizational change. One of the fundamental ways to help your workforce develop change capability is to help them to learn, how-to-learn; for, over the years, they would have developed their own style of functioning and working in a certain way; for them to change to a new system, they have to re-learn their jobs in the new system. It is not easy to discard something and re-learn a different way to do the same job. It involves enormous stress and re-training and can be quite taxing on your employees. So show them how to learn, for them to cope with change easily. CHANGE LEADERSHIP When your organization is in the middle of a change, or is set to change, your role as the leader is the most essential and influential one. You have the responsibility to understand the need to change, identify the changes needed, identify the people who can strategize and implement, and finally motivate your workforce into embracing that change. You are the cognitive tuner, efficacy builder, systems architect and also the people catalyser, according to V. Nilakant and S. Ramnarayan, authors of Change Management . So the importance of your role to the success of the process of organizational change cannot be overstated. As a leader, your contribution to the organizations future and towards a successful change should be a value proposition. What is a Value Proposition? It is a couple of phrases or statement that has 3 unique characteristics: it offers something of value to the customer; it is customer friendly and it has a differentiator that sets it apart from your competitors. Some fantastic examples of good value propositions are: Dominos offer of 30 minutes or free. It offers the hungry customer the chance to have his meal hot and in 30 minutes, failing which, he does not have to pay at all. This revolutionized the pizza delivery business. Dominos captured the customers mind space by giving a tangible guarantee, failing which instant reward. Walmarts price guarantee: Always Low Prices, Always. Googles faster and wider search results. BMWs ultimate driving experience, etc. Depending on the size of your organization, the change can be leader-driven, process-driven, team- driven, expert-driven or change management driven. The first approach is successful only in the case of small and medium sized concerns. Though you, as the leader will have the decision-making authority, the team driven change has a better chance of success. The process driven one, though, will take time as your workforce has to learn the new process and get comfortable before productivity can reach previously existing levels. Most organizations favor the last method: change management method, which is the team and expert driven method. This method of change brings to the table the expertise, the commitment, the technical know-how and the ownership qualities, thereby almost creating a fail-proof method of change. As a smart leader, you should be aware of the importance of ownership, involvement and commitment of your workforce to the change process for it to be successful in the long ru n. As the leader, you have to persuade your workforce to commit to the changes and there are experts whose ideas are remarkable. Consider the world-renowned social psychologist Robert Cialdini, who in his books about Influence, written after some 30 years in the field, expounds the best ways to persuade your workforce. The specialty of Cialdinis work is that it is based on research of people in industries like car dealerships, real estate, insurance sales, army recruiting and advertising, whose jobs depend on people saying yes to them. He then wrote the 6 Principles of Persuasion. They are Liking, Reciprocity, Social Proof, Consistency, Authority and Scarcity. Liking: When we hear a suggestion from someone we like, we tend to be positive towards that; on the other hand, when a suggestion comes from someone we do not like, we are predisposed to dismissing the suggestion, however valid or helpful it might be. Liking also stems from and towards similarity; so if someone like you tells you something, you are more likely to listen than to someone whom you might perceive as superior or inferior. So, rather than having a mass gathering where you announce the plans for the changes afoot, you need to first inform your team of senior personnel. Let them talk to their teams and so on until the frontline staff are informed by their own supervisors or managers. This will help them to be open to the coming changes, and also help them to feel included rather than being huddled into a great auditorium and addressed by someone from a podium or a screen. Reciprocity: This is nothing new; the Bible says it: Do unto others what you want others to do unto you. This is also Cialdinis expert opinion. When you treat people right and listen to them, they too will reciprocate. So, he recommends that in a large organization, identify those who are well liked and respected; tell them about the coming changes and enlist their help in communicating the same to their colleagues in a positive light. And generally if the workforce is treated well, and taken care of, in times of adversity, they will not mind helping by working extra hard or taking a pay cut or accepting the changes willingly and working harder to learn the new process or technology, as the case may be. However, if the organization is perceived as miserly, the workforce will be resistant to learning new processes that might be implemented as part of the changes. Social Proof: It means validation from our peers and those around us; we are unduly influenced by the opinions of those around us, which can often lead to thoughtless behavior. A classic example of this is the multiple car collisions that we see during rush hour; even though all lanes are moving, slowly but steadily, one driver decides to jump lanes to see if he can go faster; then the next one follows, leading to many others too trying to jump lanes; this leads to numerous collisions during rush hour, frequently. Also called the bandwagon effect, this is one of the best ways to influence your workforce and mobilize support. Consistency: Here it is not used in the usual sense of staying consistent, but rather means consistency in ones words and actions; this particularly carries weight when it comes to garnering support for the proposed changes, especially when they are publicly disclosed. As a general rule, something publicly declared is thought to be incontrovertible; when someone declares something in public, people do not expect them to go back on their word. In change management, this can be a powerful tool in the hands of a skilled manager. However, it will be effective only when it is used not to intimidate or threaten, but in consultation with the workforce. Authority: This principle goes to show that when an expert shares an opinion or fact, we tend to take it at face value; we dont question it or his authority. This expert driven change can be a powerful tool to convince your workforce to adopt the proposed changes in full measure, for the benefit of themselves and the organization. E. Sreedharan, who was invited to join the Delhi Metro, proved his authority by completing the ambitious project in time and on budget. He asked for and was granted full freedom in the operations and in the hiring and firing of his team, with no political influence, which is unprecedented in the Indian bureaucracy. Scarcity: This is based on the idea that we want what is restricted to us. If the workforce is told that unless the proposed changes are adopted whole-heartedly, they might lose their jobs, then they are more likely to work harder to assimilate the new changes and processed. We respond to the threat of something becoming scarce, than to the promise of some benefit. Our primitive psyche responds better to the threat of losing something than to the idea of gaining something. However, a manager should be careful to not use threats when explaining the potential losses. A leaders role when it comes to change management is never ending. One of his core duties is mobilizing support, and there are a hundred different ways, depending on the size, nature, structure and architecture of your organization. But one essential ability is the think out of the box and catch the imagination of your workforce and to be quick on your feet. To be able to out think the others is a great gift for a leader. You have to be a fast thinker, a brilliant strategist and skillful negotiator to be a successful change management leader. Consider this story: Just before a Presidential election, the Presidential campaign managers decided to release some three million brochures with a nice photo of the Presidential Candidate on the cover; almost on the eve of the planned blitzkrieg, in the last few weeks of the campaign, they found to their shock that the photo was copyrighted to a studio in Chicago. The campaign was in a quandary; they did not have the time to reprint the brochers; neither could they risk a lawsuit or a scandal at that late stage of the campaign; inquire about the studio and its owner brought further disturbing news. The owner was someone who was difficult and money-minded; so, after a brainstorming session, the campaign manager had his secretary shoot off a fax to the studio owner, which read: We are considering offering some studios a chance to sponsor a photo of the Presidential Candidate; when we win, it will be a chance for you to gain huge publicity mileage out of it; so what are you willing to pay us for using your photo? The story goes that the offer was a princely sum of $250; which the campaign manager promptly accepted and went ahead with the release of the brochure using the photo. The candidate was Roosevelt, in 1912 and the studio was Moffat Studios in Chicago. This story was told by Professor James Sebenius and the campaign manager is George Perkins. This shows that, if you are clear headed thinker, who can think on his feet, even major catastrophes can be skillfully avoided, just by deft handling, especially if you know human nature. This is the hallmark of a great leader! As a leader, you can beg and barter for change; it all depends on your target audience. If your audience will respond better to negotiation, then you can offer some deal which will benefit them hugely when the changes are in place and the organization is healthier. You also have to pick your time and do whatever is necessary to maintain the momentum. If you can get your workforce to genuinely believe and participate whole heartedly, the changes that you bring to your organization cannot help but succeed. The commitment of your workforce is the key to the success of the proposed changes! Ch: 3 EXECUTING CHANGE Dr. John Kotter, one of the leading authorities on Change Management and author of Leading Change says, Accelerate. It is better to change at a fast pace in order to keep ahead of your rivals, or else, chances are that you will be stuck in a perpetual game of catch-up. And for an organization to change successfully, the behavior of its employees has to collectively change; and that is a mammoth task. However brilliantly you plan and communicate it to your workforce, and get them committed to the idea of change, unless you execute the plan equally efficiently, all that effort will end up getting wasted, and the change process will become an utter failure even before its launch. To help in this Herculean endeavor, Dr. Kotter has devised an 8-step process, of which he says: There are still more mistakes that people make, but these eight are the big ones. In reality, Even successful change efforts are messy and full of surprises. But just as a relatively simple Vision is needed to guide people through a major change, so a vision of the change process can reduce the error rate. And fewer errors can spell the difference between success and failure. Dr. Kotter recommends learning from both your successes and your mistakes: Establish a sense of urgency in your workforce Examine your competition and the market realities. If the market is in a slump, be realistic in your expectations. In a recession, effecting change in your organization can go only so far in bringing results. Organizational change cannot compensate for the prevailing market conditions. As the senior management, you have to identify your weak areas as an organization, and also watch out for any potential crises in the offing. Communicate such looming crises to your employees so that they are ready and willing to accept the coming changes. Your success in changing for the better, as an organization, depends on your managers ability to convince their teams that the coming change is inevitable and that it will benefit the organization and everyone working for it. Plan your strategy to play to your unique strengths, and to take advantage of any opportunities. These initial steps will help you to motivate your employees and help them to adjust to the coming changes, as they have been made aware of the importance of the changes to the future of the organization. Establish a Powerful Guiding Coalition A guiding team made up of individuals from the teams across the board will help in promoting employee cooperation and in wider acceptance of the changes, because your employees feel like stakeholders and also as a part of the decision making coalition. This inclusive approach will yield better results when compared to a top-down approach. This coalition should also be vested with the authority to effect necessary changes within the organization and in its policies to improve the results of any transition planned. Most frequently, failure to improve employee participation in all levels leads to fostering of resentment towards the senior management and thereby resistance to the proposed changes. However, this does not mean that the top management is not responsible for effecting the desired changes. The onus is on the top management to see that employee morale is kept high and that the proposed changes are accepted and adopted by all. A Clear Vision a Simple Plan to Achieve it First you have to envision the changes you want to see in your organization, and then you will have a clear vision of the benefits that the proposed changes can bring to your organization, and then take the time to convey the same to your workforce. Then devise a simple plan to achieve that change, and convey that to your teams. This will help your workforce to feel that they are important to the company and also inculcate a sense of participation and inclusiveness. A simple and sensible plan can do wonders for an organization that wants change by motivating its employees. Simplicity will win every day over grandiose words and actions, as most people can see through them clearly. Share your Vision and your Plan When you share and communicate your vision of the positive changes and your plans to achieve the same, you can reap the untold benefits of employee participation. When your workforce feels included in the decision making, it inspires them to perform better as they feel like stakeholders and not just employees. It is always better for the organization when they volunteer and work harder on their own conviction, rather than being coerced in any way. In an organization with thousands of employees, such voluntary participation and ready support can make a huge difference to the outcome of the proposed changes. Empower your employees Identify those of your employees who can convince their colleagues to follow in their footsteps; when you workforce receives information that is promising from their peers, especially someone they like and respect. When you allocate such responsibilities, you should also allow room for individual ideas and action. New ideas and innovative suggestions should be encouraged and adopted where ever possible. This can go a long way in improving input and in inculcating a sense of ownership amongst your employees. This empowerment will also instill accountability in your workforce, thereby increasing productivity, as the sense of ownership will give them an incentive to see that the organization flourishes. As a corollary, restrictive actions on the part of senior staff and management should be discouraged, as they can be an impediment to successful and sustainable change. Strategize and Plan for Short Term Benefits Any vision for successful change has to be, inevitably on a long term basis; but little successes in the short term have to be acknowledged and rewarded, as that will help your employees feel positive about themselves, their changed circumstances, and also help to boost their morale. Set realistic short term goals and reward those who are successful in achieving them. For instance, you can set up annual reward programs for those who perform well in the newly formulated strategy, or master a newly introduced innovation; this will encourage better participation from your workforce in the changed strategies. Consolidate and Build to Further Improve By this stage of the change process, you should be able to see that your initial efforts are paying off; your employees have adjusted well to the changes and their productivity has increased. The changes have really helped your organization to perform better and to compete in the market, favorably, when compared to its competitors. But do not stop pushing hard, because now is not the time to rest on your laurels. Now is the time to forge ahead, firing on all cylinders and with more vigor. When you achieve positive results from change effected, you gain credibility. Use this credibility to push forward. Otherwise your sense of achievement might prove to be premature as it takes sustained effort to maintain difficult changes in an organization and change is an ongoing process. You can even hire or promote staffs who are open to change, without too much resistance fro

Moving from Alienation to Cooperation :: Personal Narrative Essays

Moving from Alienation to Cooperation As Jewish and Palestinian students, we've learned a lot about reconciliation in our Jewish-Palestinian Living Room Dialogue group. We know the process isn't easy. But after many meetings, we've moved from fear to trust, from alienation to cooperation. And if we can do it, others can too. We began with a handful of people who rejected the popular gloom and hopelessness of the seemingly endless violence in the Mideast. We had had success in working with a grassroots movement called Beyond War, which focused on team-building between "enemies" - Israelis and Palestinians. Today we are 30 Americans - Jews and both Muslim and Christian Palestinians. Several "others" moderate and lend support. We saw how face-to-face dialogue changes people. Realizing that American citizens and government are connected to events in the Middle East, it was time to put our global experience to use in our community. "These are the worst of times, so why aren't you hopeless?" people ask us. "Why do you do it, when others want to quit?" When we are separated by our history and suffering, overcome with anger and pride, we find inside ourselves an even stronger belief and knowing. It is the ancient insight of our common ancestor, Abraham, that all is one - we're interdependent and interconnected. We're neighbors. We want to learn to live together that way. We also believe what sociologist Margaret Mead said: "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has." We've made progress, but now we feel rushed by what Ambassador Edward Djerejian, former assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs, calls "the worst-case scenario," when violence from both sides is on the rise and the peace process is stalled. So last Saturday night we gathered 420 Jewish and Palestinian Americans, and others, around dinner tables to begin changing the nature of our relationships. The hotel sign on Highway 101 said, "Welcome Jews and Palestinians Building a Common Future." It made it a fact before anyone walked through the doors. The event was a view into the future of what can and must be. It was a missing part of the peace process - face-to-face relationship-building. Ambassador Dennis Ross, US envoy to the Middle East peace process, arrived late from emergency meetings with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat.